The Pierce-Arrow Twelve was a family of luxury cars that were introduced in 1932. The Twelve was a high end range of cars offered in two series, which were differentiated by wheelbase length and engine displacement. The namesake V12 engine powering the Twelve was initially available as a 6.5L or 7.0L unit. The 6.5L version was used for the 137 inch or 142 inch wheelbase (launched as the Model 53), and the 7.0L version was used for the range topping 147 inch wheelbase (launched as the Model 52). The smaller engine proved underpowered, so for 1933, the 7.0L became the lower displacement unit while a larger 7.6L was introduced as the top engine. This lasted until 1934, when Pierce-Arrow only offered the 7.6L unit. These engines sent their power to the rear wheels via a 3 speed manual transmission. Created to compete with top end American luxury cars such as the Cadillac V-16 and Packard Twin Six, the Pierce-Arrow Twelve was available in a wide range of open and closed body styles. After the launch of the Pierce-Arrow Silver Arrow Concept, the Silver Arrow name was used in the Twelve range but apart from certain mechanical components, shared little with the striking concept car. In 1938, Pierce-Arrow declared bankruptcy and ended all autmotive production.